What Is De Facto Segregation Definition and Current Examples

De facto segregation is the separation of people that occurs â€Å"by fact,† rather than by legally imposed requirements. For example, in medieval England, people were customarily segregated by social class or status. Often driven by fear or hate, de facto religious segregation existed in Europe for centuries. In the United States today, the high concentration of African-Americans in certain neighborhoods sometimes results in public schools with mostly black students, despite laws prohibiting intentional racial segregation of schools.   Key Takeaways: De Facto Segregation De facto segregation is separation of groups that happens because of fact, circumstances, or customs.  De facto segregation differs from de jure segregation, which is imposed by law.  Today, de facto segregation is most often seen in the areas of housing and public education. De Facto Segregation Definition De facto segregation is the separation of groups that happens even though it is not required or sanctioned by law. Rather than an intentionally legislated effort to separate the groups, de facto segregation is the result of custom, circumstance, or personal choice. So-called urban â€Å"white flight† and neighborhood â€Å"gentrification† are two modern examples.   In the white flight de facto segregation of the 1960s and ‘70s, millions of whites who chose not to live among blacks left urban areas for the suburbs. The satirical phrase â€Å"There goes the neighborhood† reflected the fear of white homeowners that the value of their property would fall as black families moved in.   Today, as more minorities move to the suburbs themselves, many whites are either moving back into the cities or to new â€Å"exurbs† built beyond the existing suburbs. This reverse white flight often results in another type of de facto segregation called gentrification.   Gentrification is the process of renovating urban neighborhoods by an influx of more affluent residents. In practice, as wealthier people flow back into once-low-income neighborhoods, longtime minority residents are forced out by higher rents and property taxes based on higher home values. De Facto vs. De Jure Segregation In contrast to de facto segregation, which happens as a matter of fact, de jure segregation is the separation of groups of people imposed by law. For example, the Jim Crow laws legally separated black and white people in almost all aspects of life throughout the southern United States from the 1880s to 1964.   De jure segregation can breed de facto segregation. While the government can prohibit most forms of de jure segregation, it cannot change people’s hearts and minds. If groups simply don’t want to live together, they are free to choose not to do so. The aforementioned â€Å"white flight† segregation illustrates this. Even though the Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned most forms of racial discrimination in housing, white residents simply chose to move to the suburbs rather than live with black residents. De Facto Segregation in Schools and Other Current Examples The U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in the 1954 case of Brown vs. Board of Education, coupled with the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, effectively banned de jure segregation in education. However, de facto racial segregation continues to divide many of America’s public school systems today.   Since school district assignment depends partly on where students live, cases of de facto segregation can happen. Families usually prefer that their children attend schools near their homes. While this can have positive effects, such as convenience, and safety, it can also result in a lower quality of education in minority neighborhood schools. With school budgets dependent on property taxes, lower-income, often minority neighborhoods, tend to have inferior schools with inferior facilities. In addition, more experienced teachers choose to teach in better-funded schools in more affluent white neighborhoods. While school districts are allowed to—and sometimes do—consider racial balance in their school assignment process, they are not required by law to do so.   Though federal laws and Supreme Court decisions protect against discrimination based on gender, de facto segregation based on biological sex is commonplace. De facto sex segregation is the voluntary separation of men and women occurring as a matter of personal choice according to generally-accepted social and cultural norms. De facto sex segregation is most commonly found in settings like private clubs, interest-based membership organizations, professional sports teams, religious organizations, and private recreational facilities.   Sources and Further Reference Kye, Samuel H. The Persistence of White Flight in Middle-Class Suburbia. Science Direct (May 2018).Greenblatt, Alan. White Flight Returns, This Time From the Suburbs. Governing (June 2018).Zuk, Miriam, et al. Gentrification, Displacement and the Role of Public Investment. University of California Berkeley (2015).Florida, Richard. This Is What Happens After a Neighborhood Gets Gentrified. The Atlantic (Sept. 16, 2015).Maslow, Will. De Facto Public School Segregation. Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (1961).Cohen, David S. The Stubborn Persistence of Sex Segregation. Columbia Journal of Gender and Law (2011).

The World War II ( Wwii ) Essay - 1626 Words

Europe faced countless challenges during the immediate aftermath of World War II (WWII). Firstly, this essay will examine the most important negative consequences confronted by Europe after WWII, including, the effects the war had on the European economy and political conditions. In this regard, it will look specifically at the Soviet Union, Germany, Poland and the United Kingdom. Secondly, the essay will review the numerous displaced populations WWII left behind as well as the expulsions of several Germans from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Lastly, this essay will observe the destruction and loss of cultural heritage Europe encountered following WWII. The loss of life and resources had a great impact on the economy of the Soviet Union. During WWII the Soviet Union lost the lives of approximately twenty seven million people. Nineteen million of those were civilian deaths due mainly to starvation in the Siege of Leningrad, poor conditions in Germany and Soviet Union prisons and concentration camps, mass shootings, famine and disease. As well as the casualties, the Soviet Union also has approximately twenty five percent of capital resources destroyed during WWII. With the lower population and fewer resources, industrial and agricultural output dropped to amounts lower than it had been prior to the war in the late 1920s. During WWII nearly 32,000 Soviet Union large-scale industrial enterprises were put out of production. The reduction in the Soviet Union labourShow MoreRelatedThe World War II ( Wwii )1581 Words   |  7 Pagesrelations to the Nazi Regime. But only a few know, that during the World War II (WWII), there were a few German non-violent resistance groups. These groups tried to â€Å"fight† the Nazis from within. 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Now, German economy is the 4th best worldwide, the government is thriving, and the formerly divided country is now unified. Yet even with all of these momentous achievements, the shadow of WWII still remains. Contemporary Germany has grown in stability and prosperity since World War II largely due to the German PflichtbewuÃŽ ²tseinRead MoreWorld War II ( Wwii )1312 Words   |  6 Pagescamps† are all words that make you think of World War II (WWII) and these are all closely related to WWII. What about â€Å"Rosie the Riveter†, â€Å"war bonds†, â€Å"the family dynamics†, â€Å"rubber and aluminum drives†? Does it ring any bells? These wor ds are related to WWII also but refer to the home front. The absence of many men due to WWII, caused the dynamics of the workforce and of the â€Å"women’s place in the family† changed forever. In the 1930’s and before WWII America was in the (not so) Great DepressionRead MoreThe World War II ( Wwii )1823 Words   |  8 PagesSummary of Evidence World War II (WWII) †¢ â€Å"The Second World War was a necessary consequence of the First World War’s termination in the peace dictates of Versailles and St. Germain.† †¢ â€Å"The outbreak of the war of 1939 was caused directly by the conflict between Poland and Germany over the â€Å"Corridor† and Danzig problems.† †¢ On December 7, 1941 the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and also attacked the Philippines, Wake Island, Guam, Malaya, Thailand, Shanghai and Midway. United States ofRead MoreThe World War II ( Wwii ) Essay1875 Words   |  8 PagesWorld War II (WWII) lasted longer and killed more people than the Great War. There was not a fast victory conquered by bombers hitting the heart of the enemy. Air power’s contribution to the allied victory did not represent the ultimate fulfillment of the predictions of interwar theorists. Even though air power had an important role, and many lessons and doctrines emerged after this period, the visions of Douhet, Mitchell and others did not materialized as they expected. In this paper, I will discussRead MoreDeveloping Countries During World War II ( Wwii )1211 Words   |  5 PagesTrade policy in developing countries obtained major influence from the changing views in economic development, namely, inward looking and outward looking (Moon, 1998). For about 3 decades after World War II (WWII), the trade policy of developing countries relies on inward-looking development. This type of development is implemented through autarky trade policies to protect country’s local manufacture industry. There are so many critics delivered during the inward looking development implementationRead MoreWhy the U.S. got Involved in WWII in Patrick Herdens Book, Roosevelt Confronts Hitler: America’s Entry into World War II699 Words   |  3 PagesPatrick Hearden’s book, Roosevelt Confronts Hitler: America’s Entry into World War II, is offering an explanation as to how and why the United States got itself involved in a second world war. Hearden states, that the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and Nazi Germany’s declaration of war hastened United States intervention. These two reasons, however, are not the underlying foundation of why the United States entered the war, according to Hearden’s research. Through a quick examination of the chapterRead MoreWhy Did The Allies Win World War II?1480 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Why did the Allies win World War II? (Roark 854) In this paper we will be discussing the reasons behind why the Allies were able to defeat the Axis powers in World War II. (Roark Ch.25, p. 792) During the era of World War II technology developed largely during this time. (History Net Where History Comes Alive World US History Online RSS) The improvements in technology helped the Allies win World War II, because of technological advances it helped the Allies be more ahead of the Axis powers

Case Study Employee Induction Program

Question: Discuss about the Case Studyfor Employee Induction Program. Answer: Introduction The best title for this case study is the Khalids induction program. From this case study, it is evident that Ahmad was a newly hired employee, fresh from school. The new recruit was hired, as a human resource practitioner. He was assigned the task to foresee the institutional orientation program for the other employees. As a new recruit, Ahmed mastered the art of the HR process. After Khalid joined the institution, Ahmed was given the opportunity to take the new recruit through an orientation process. As explained by Welty (2009), orientation begins with the introduction to the general processes and operations of an organization. Ahmed took the first day to introduce Khalid to the staff. The orientation program presented challenges to Ahmed, the HR practitioners because without the mentor, it becomes difficult for any effort to be fruitful. The issue that has emerged in this situation is the inability of the HR practitioner to establish a strong relationship with the new recruits le ading to fallout. As a HR practitioner, it would be prudent to make - Khalid understand the issues and tender his apology. Regarding - Khalids manager, it is up to Khalid to decide whether to implicate his manager or not. However, any effort to implicate Ahmad will only flop because it will make the situation worse than resolve it. As demonstrated by Welty (2009), developing an orientation program would be critical to resolving such impasse. Ahmad holds a serious responsibility in the company. It is important that that Ahmad implement a buddy system because it benefits the organization and the new employee. With a formal buddy system, the new employee will find it easy to adapt to the new working environment (Castaldo 2015). The manager must understand the roles of buddy by making Sam know the expectations leading to employee satisfaction. Without a doubt, new recruits like Khalid experience steep learning curve. Therefore, Ahmad and Jean should consider building a process based on cultural competence (Bauer 2010). Since the buddy will act as the organizations ambassador, the manager needs to selectman employee who will make Khalid feel comfortable. This requires a teamwork and openness culture. Therefore, the hiring manager must identify the buddy who has time to perform the assigned duty. To this effect, it would be prudent for the Jean and Ahmad to reduce Sams assignments that would keep him away from Khalid. Khalids manager is part of the problem because he failed to understand the significance of induction. In fact, it would be difficult for a new staff to understand the operations and running of the organization without guidance. Jean should be implicated because, he has failed to implement to buddy system. Studies have indicated that a buddy scheme ensures a new worker settles into the role and feel supported (Cooper Wight 2014). He could have assigned Khalid a good friend who is ready to be a friendly and a contact. Jean is implicated because he failed to organize an informal meeting and outline the experience and roles of the buddy. He could have further clarified the expectations in establishing a buddy relationship. Bibliography Bauer, T.N. 2010, Onboarding new employees: maximizing success, SHRM Foundations Effective Practice Guidelines Series. [https://www.shrm.org/foundation/ourwork/initiatives/resources-from-past-initiatives/Documents/Onboarding%20New%20Employees.pdf] [Online] accessed 20 April 2017. Castaldo, J. 2015, Great employee engagement starts as soon as the hire is made, Canadian Business, Sep 23, [https://www.canadianbusiness.com/innovation/profit-500-achievers-onboarding/] [online] accessed 21 April 2017. Cooper, J. Wight, J. 2014, Implementing a buddy system in the workplace, Paper presented at PMI Global Congress 2014North America, Phoenix, AZ. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Welty, G. 2009, Developing a new employee orientation program for GXP compliance, Journal of GXP Compliance, vol. 13, no. 3, summer, pp. 82-92.

Rational Anarchism Essays - Anti-capitalism, Anti-fascism

Rational Anarchism The idea of rational anarchism is the idea that every human being is responsible for their actions. The one person who is doing the actions. The only one who can take the blame. This is an idea of a character in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress. He believes that no matter how it boils down, the person who the actions is responsible for what they did. There are some cases where I am for this idea and there are some cases were I am against it. I believe that people are responsible for their actions but not all of them. They may be responsible for their actions but it wasnt their choice to carry out the action. Ultimately, the responsibility is theirs. If you were a pilot that carried nukes and the army demanded you to drop the bomb on a defenseless village. If you had a family back home that was living off your pay check and you decided not to bomb the target, your whole family would have to pay for what you thought was the right thing to do. What would the right choice be? To let your family suffer because you thought is it was wrong to bomb a certain place? This is like making someone choose between one form of torture or another, it doesnt really matter which one you pick, you get hurt somehow in the end. Another example is when you dont know that what you doing is wrong. Say you grew up on a different planet were it was accepta ble to kill the weak people who had deformities. If you were to relocate to another place were it was wrong to kill the weak and you kill a person the first day you get there before you learn anything about any laws or anything. Would that person be responsible for their actions? He wouldnt the faintest idea of the laws in his new environment. It could have been just his natural instincts telling him to do what he does at home. I would think that was no one's fault. You could take this topic to an extreme and ask what if someone was hypnotized. If a person is hypnotized and he is told to kill someone, whos fault would that be? If a true rational anarchism were to look at a scenario like this, I think they would be puzzled at the problem that this creates. It could not be the mans fault, for he was hypnotized but he still did the action of killing. But the man who hypnotized him is partly to blame, because he hypnotized the man and commanded him to murder someone. Since the true rational anarchist says that you cant share or split blame, whose fault would it be and why? That is what puzzles me and leaves me partly in favor of this notion and partly against it. I guess that all people are responsible for their actions but sometime those actions can be influenced by other factors, like friends, family and bosses. This would be just like peer pressure: you dont want to but you are in a way forced to even if you dont relize it. If a boss asks you to work on the weekend, you may not want to but you know you will make a bad impression if you dont. this will very from friend to family but there will be some for of peer pressure to make you do something you didnt want to do. I do, on the other, hand believe in some parts of Rational anarchism. People are responsible for what they do. If I hit my brother, I would be responsible for what I did. I think there is another part of rational anarchism: for every action you carry out there will be a consequence. Using the example above, if I hit my brother, he will either hit me back or tell my mom and either way, I will be hurt or get in trouble. I think no matter what has been done, there will be consequences, no matter if the action is good or bad. If you do something good you will probably get something good,

7 Facts about a Career in Logistics

7 Facts about a Career in Logistics A typical logistics career means working in supply chain management- making sure materials and products make their way from vendor to merchant in a timely and efficient fashion, while minimizing costs along the way. If that sounds like a match for your skills of organization and multi-tasking, read on for some helpful tips from Elizabeth Xu from the Rasmussen College blog. 1. Logistics jobs are growing faster than the national average.Any growth is good, but if you’re hoping to break into the logistics career path, knowing that it’s growing twice as fast as all the other occupations out there should be especially encouraging!2. There aren’t enough candidates to fill logistics positions.With great growth comes great opportunities, and behind-the-scenes work like coordinating logistics is great example. Currently there is greater demand than readily available employees. Take advantage of a shortage of qualified candidates to get your foot in the door!According to F ortune.com, logistics companies will be looking to fill 1.4 million jobs in the next 3 years. Start polishing your resume today!3. Education is the keyYou can get by associate’s degree for some positions, but 70% of employers prefer candidates who’ve secured their bachelor’s degree as the field becomes more demanding and complex thanks to globalization, technology, and a rapidly expanding industry. Consider degrees in business, communications, and any project management certifications available to you as an undergrad.4. Work locations can varyIt helps to be flexible if you’re looking for a career in logistics- you may find yourself dashing from factories to offices or on the road performing industry research. Know what your options are and be ready to hustle to be the right fit for the job.5. It’s a high-pressure jobAs a logistics officer you may be the last line of defense when it comes to explaining why a shipment was late or a delivery mis-sched uled.   Can you stay calm and collected when the heat is on and your clients need answers? Be reliable and accountable, and you can find your way to  a promotion  up the ladder and out of the more stressful entry-level positions.6. SCM (Supply Chain Management) understanding is crucialWhile logistics are an essential cog in the machine, it’s even more important to understand how you contribute to the big picture. The American Production and Inventory Control Society (APICS) offers courses and training to help you understand your role and how the other moving parts work together.7. It’s been dubbed a â€Å"Best Business Job† by U.S. News and World Report!Logistics has been ranked number 26 on their list of 100 Best Jobs for its median salary ($73,400), job prospects, and stress level. Best cities to work in logistics included Washington D.C. and San Jose, California.If you’re ready for a complex, rewarding, and intense career path, logistics just mig ht be the dream job for you!7 Things You Need to Know About a Career in LogisticsRead More at www.rasmussen.edu

Dynamics, Fluids & Energy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dynamics, Fluids & Energy - Assignment Example Source: Prado Miguel, 2009, Renewable Energy sources Energy Energy is needed in all spheres of a life to accelerate growth. The traditional concept of generating energy from fossil fuels that could drive certain machinery is giving way to a more holistic approach where other sources like wind, solar, tidal waves and biomass are also being considered as alternate forms of energy. (Prado Miguel, 2009) Sustainability The reason why man is looking out for other forms of energy is because it has been estimated with the present rate of consumption; fossil fuels will be unavailable in the near future. Hence the idea is to develop or harness an energy source that is always being replenished by nature. This ensures that all the fossil fuel that is available at present is not completely used up and assures that the future generations have also access to this energy source. This forms the basic premise of a sustainable energy. (Prado Miguel, 2009) Renewability Renewability is used to describe t hose energy sources which are abundant in nature and are replenished naturally. The consumption of these energy sources has minimal impact on the environment. Using these energy sources also leads to reducing the carbon dioxide emissions produced by consuming fossil fuels. This has a direct impact on reducing the rate of global warming and forms the most innovative solutions in containing the temperature rise in earth’s environment. (Prado Miguel, 2009) Alternate forms of Sustainable Renewable Energy 1. Solar Energy Since energy from the sun is available abundantly, expertise lies in harnessing this energy effectively. The primary factors involve capturing and converting this solar energy for efficient storage. It is estimated that about 1000 Watts/ square metre fall on the earth’s surface on an average since this is dependent on environmental conditions (National Seminar on Alternative Energy Sources, 2005, p.5) and the climate. A photovoltaic cell (PV) is ideally use d to tap into this light energy and convert it into electrical energy. This is a simple process in which the captured sunlight releases electrons on striking the silicon material. The electrons thus displaced create a hole with a positive charge. (Lewis Nathan and Nocera Daniel, 2006, p. 6801)The released electrons are then made to travel back to these holes via an external circuit thereby generating current. Solar cells can be arranged in series or in parallel to obtain the required voltage and current. Source: National Seminar on Alternative Energy Sources, 2005, VSAT Equipments powered by Solar 2. Wind Energy Wind energy is another form of energy that is available abundantly but requires the right kind of harnessing to be used efficiently. Solar power is indirectly responsible for the generation of wind energy. This is because land surface absorbs solar energy at different rates and hence the air above this land or water mass is heated at different rates. Source: Edelstein, 2003, Windmills in series This unequal heating causes a pressure gradient during which the hot lighter air rises up while the cool denser air flows in to take its place. (Edelstein, et al, 2003, p.2) This gradient thus creates a rapid movement of air which is called wind. A device that could be used to slow down this wind velocity can convert part of the kinetic energy into electrical energy. Wind speed, area of cross section swept by rotor and its efficiency in conversion, Generator properties and the

Advertising for SONY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advertising for SONY - Essay Example Sony Company is an electronic and communications manufacturer. It is based in Tokyo Japan and recorded revenue of eighty eight billion dollars during the year 2008. The company offers a variety of products such as video game merchandises video items for consumption, IT products, electronics and communication devicesThese commodities are produced under the following five categories; entertainment, electronics, games and financial services. Its business operations are Sony Financial Holdings, Sony Ericsson, Sony BMG Music Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment and Sony Electronics. (Howard, 2000)One element that makes Sony stand out in the industry is its originality. The company has created standards for their products as depicted in the Betamax system of video recorders. Besides innovation, Sony is a multinational corporation. This gives the company access to a large pool of clients thus complementing sales in one country with those in another. (Collett, 1999)The Sony marketing d epartment seems to be getting on the wrong side of the moral divide as they have been criticised by some media critics. This was brought up by the controversial advertisements that the company has aired. One such example was with regard to a racially charged advertisement. In addition, Sony Company failed to comply with marketing ethics by hiring a marketing critic to praise the performance of their commodities. However, this did not fare well with the real marketing critics. All these bad marketing decisions have tainted the Sony name. Sony's management has been overwhelmed by the technological changes characteristic of the electronic and IT industry. Consequently, the company has had to fire a substantial number of employees who were not familiar with new production technologies and replaced them with a fresh batch. This move has met a lot of criticism from consumers. As matter of fact, some people attribute the company's declining quality in some of its products to this issue. (Collett, 1999) Opportunities The company needs to invest in its employees. High employee turnover is hurting the company's corporate social responsibility image. On top of that, the company is compromising on the quality of the products by frequently firing their employees. The new employees who join the company may not be familiar with some of the production process. In order to curb this problem, the Sony should train its employee regularly in order to prevent these problems. Threats Sony' major threat is being out-competed by its counterpart due to a failure to adapt to technology adequately. This was seen when Sony used Immersion Company's technology to create their play station 3 video game units. The company was forced to pay royalties to Immersion for doing this. Such kinds of approaches to technologies will harm the company in the future; instead, the company should focus on developing their own formats. (Collett, 1999) Review of advertising brand and competitors The adverting brand under consideration is the new online game division for Sony. Sony has a strong brand name that has placed it above other competitors such as JVC. The company dedicated a lot of time trying to come up with the most appropriate name for their products. There are many reasons why this name made a mark for the company. First of all, it is easy to pronounce; many Japan-based companies may settle for difficult names that make it difficult for international consumers to relate to. Additionally, the brand name is easy to remember as very few companies out there have such a name. On top of that, it has the ability to attract people who may not be as well versed with technology as others. Many electronic manufacturers use acronyms instead of full names from their brands thus repelling non-technical consumers. (Howard, 2000